The rise of the middle class in Morocco and Algeria: Opportunities for education and development

The Rise of the Middle Class in Morocco and Algeria


Hello,


I have written some interesting articles that are related to my subject of today , and here they are in the following web links, and hope that you will read them carefully:

The unsteady backbone: How the Middle Class underpins stability, moderation, and growth across nations

https://myphilo10.blogspot.com/2025/08/the-unsteady-backbone-how-middle-class.html

About Third World countries and how GDP per capita is not an indicator

https://myphilo10.blogspot.com/2025/04/about-third-world-countries-and-how-gdp.html

About how third-world countries can efficiently mitigate brain drain

https://myphilo10.blogspot.com/2025/04/about-how-third-world-countries-can.html

About how a cautiously optimistic outlook is justified for both Algeria and Morocco in North Africa

https://myphilo10.blogspot.com/2025/07/about-how-cautiously-optimistic-outlook.html

Algeria's economic fulcrum: Strategic debt, structural reform, and the imperative of political will

https://myphilo10.blogspot.com/2025/07/algerias-economic-fulcrum-strategic.html

The two-step lingua-pedagogical model: A framework for national STEM excellence in a globalized world

https://myphilo10.blogspot.com/2025/07/the-two-step-lingua-pedagogical-model.html


And for today , i will talk about the rise of the middle class in Morocco and Algeria and its opportunities for education and development , so as you have noticed , i have already written an article about how middle class underpins stability, moderation, and growth across nations , and you can read about it carefully , it is the first above article , so , of course , notice how , in this article of mine , i have given an approximation for Arab countries , by talking about Egypt and its middle class that reached 58.2% of the population in 2025 , and about Saudi Arabia that has a substantial middle class, with the upper-middle and lower-middle classes combined constituting nearly 78% of the population , and about Morocco and its middle class that expanded from 53% to 61% of the population , so here is my new paper of today called: "The Rise of the Middle Class in Morocco and Algeria: Opportunities for Education and Development" , so hope that you will read it carefully so that to also know what is happening in Arab countries of the Arab world:

And here is my new paper:

---

# **The Rise of the Middle Class in Morocco and Algeria: Opportunities for Education and Development**

## **Introduction**

Across the world, the **middle class** plays a central role in economic growth, stability, and access to education and information. In many countries, having a strong middle class means more people can afford *books, computers, internet access,* and *skills development* — key tools for personal advancement in the 21st century. This is also true for the **Arab and North African countries of Morocco and Algeria**, where the evolving middle class offers reasons for social and economic optimism.

---

## **Middle Class and Upper Class in Morocco**

### **Size of the Middle Class**

According to the **Haut-commissariat au Plan (HCP)** in Morocco, about **53% of the population is classified as middle class** based on income and living standards. This includes lower, intermediate, and upper middle segments. ([Lebrief][1])

Other research suggests a growing trend: from around **53.2% in 2012 to nearly 61.9% in 2019**. ([airess.fgses-um6p.ma][2])

This means **a majority of Moroccans are now in income groups that can cover basic needs and are positioned above poverty levels**.

### **Upper (Rich) Class**

Official data from the HCP also reports that about **13% of Moroccans belong to the upper class**. ([Lebrief][1])

Even though the definitions of “rich” versus “middle class” vary, this number highlights that a smaller but significant segment of the population enjoys a higher standard of living, often with greater opportunities for investment, education, and savings.

---

## **Middle Class and Upper Class in Algeria**

### **Middle Class Estimates**

Unlike Morocco, **there are fewer official statistical estimates** of class distribution in Algeria based on incomes published by government bodies.

However, some analyses — including independent sources — suggest that when a **broad definition of the middle class** is used (including lower middle and vulnerable groups), **a large share of Algeria’s population could be considered middle class**. One estimate mentions that about **76% of Algerians might be classified this way** under such broad measures. ([Facebook][3])

This high percentage reflects that many people live above extreme poverty levels, especially given Algeria’s classification as an *upper-middle-income country according to the World Bank’s income categories*. ([APS][4])

### **Upper (Rich) Class**

Precise data on the proportion of the “rich” in Algeria is not consistently published, but economic analyses show a **significant concentration of income and wealth among the higher-income groups**, even if they represent a minority of the population. This concentration is typical in developing countries, where wealth and high incomes are unevenly distributed.

---

## **What These Social Classes Mean for Education and Opportunity**

### **Access to Technology and Information**

One of the most important implications of having a sizeable middle class is **access to technology**:

* Most middle-class families can **buy computers or smartphones**.
* They can also **pay for internet access** and educational resources online.
* These tools make it possible for individuals to learn independently, access information, and develop digital skills.

In today’s world, *computers, internet access, and books are gateways to education*. Having the means to afford these is a positive indicator of potential socio-economic mobility.

### **Access to Books and Self-Education**

* Middle-class households typically have more disposable income to spend on **books, courses, and other learning materials**.
* These investments pay off by increasing literacy, job skills, and awareness of global issues.

Since learning is no longer limited to formal schooling — thanks to online courses, digital libraries, and open educational resources — the ability to access these tools becomes a major advantage for the middle and upper classes.

---

## **Why This Is Optimistic for Society**

Across both Morocco and Algeria:

* A **significant portion of the population belongs to or is moving into the middle class**, which typically means *better living standards* and *greater educational opportunities*.
* Those in the middle and upper classes have **greater access to technology and learning resources**, positioning them to contribute to economic dynamism.
* As education and skills improve in a population, this can lead to more **innovation, entrepreneurship, and long-term growth**.

---

## **Conclusion**

The growth of the middle class in Morocco and Algeria is an important social and economic trend:

* In **Morocco**, about **53%–62% of the population sits in the middle class** with around **13% in the upper class**. ([Lebrief][1])
* In **Algeria**, broad estimates suggest a **large middle-class share**, although official data are scarce, and the upper class remains smaller.

Both countries show **positive signs** that a majority of people are in income brackets that support access to books, computers, and educational tools — which are essential for personal development and economic progress. These trends offer a **reason for optimism** about future opportunities for learning, skills growth, and civic participation.

---


[1]:
https://www.lebrief.ma/10998-le-renforcement-de-la-classe-moyenne-une-priorite/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Le renforcement de la classe moyenne, une priorit "
[2]:
https://airess.fgses-um6p.ma/sites/default/files/2025-05/Classes%20moyennes%20au%20Maroc%20%20%20au-del%20%20des%20perceptions%20%20que%20disent%20les%20chiffres%20%20%281%29.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue"
[3]:
https://www.facebook.com/algeriepart/posts/apr%C3%A8s-des-ann%C3%A9es-de-prosp%C3%A9rit%C3%A9-et-de-d%C3%A9panouissement-la-classe-moyenne-alg%C3%A9rienn/3378695985541220/?locale=fr_FR&utm_source=chatgpt.com "Alg rie Part"
[4]:
https://www.aps.dz/fr/economie/banque-et-finances/mducm0sr-la-bm-classe-l-algerie-dans-la-tranche-superieure-des-pays-a-revenu-intermediaire-pour-la-deuxieme-annee-consecutive?utm_source=chatgpt.com "La BM classe l'Alg rie dans la tranche sup rieure des pays ..."

---

And here is what the AI (Artificial intelligence) from OpenAI called GPT-5.2 , that is advanced , answered me about my above new paper:

"Here’s my detailed evaluation of your paper, along with a grade:

---

## **Strengths**

1. **Clarity and Structure** – Your paper is well-organized with clear sections: Introduction, Country Analyses, Implications, and Conclusion. Each section flows logically into the next, which makes it easy to read.

2. **Use of Data** – You incorporate concrete numbers from credible sources like the **Haut-commissariat au Plan (HCP)** and **World Bank**, which strengthens your argument about the middle class in Morocco and Algeria. Highlighting ranges and acknowledging data limitations (especially for Algeria) shows intellectual honesty.

3. **Focus on Socioeconomic Implications** – You go beyond statistics and discuss the impact of middle-class growth on education, technology access, and long-term economic potential. This gives the paper practical relevance and societal insight.

4. **Optimistic Perspective** – Framing the growth of the middle class as a driver of education, skill development, and innovation is a positive, forward-looking angle that readers will appreciate.

5. **References and Credibility** – You include multiple sources and properly cite them, which adds credibility. Including online sources like reports, journal articles, and government statistics strengthens the paper.

---

## **Areas for Improvement**

1. **Analytical Depth** – The paper mostly reports data and implications. You could enhance it by:

* Comparing Morocco vs. Algeria more analytically (e.g., why Morocco’s middle class is smaller but better documented; impact of historical or policy differences).
* Discussing potential challenges for middle-class growth (inflation, unemployment, regional disparities) to make the analysis more nuanced.

2. **Figures and Visuals** – A chart or table (as you suggested) would make the comparisons visually clearer and strengthen the paper’s impact.

3. **Academic Tone** – Some phrases like “a reason for optimism” or “this is also true” are slightly informal. You could replace them with more neutral academic phrasing, e.g., “This trend indicates potential for improved socio-economic outcomes.”

4. **Citations Format** – Your references are informative, but the style could be standardized according to a formal citation style (APA, Chicago, or MLA), which is important for academic papers.

---

## **Overall Assessment**

* **Content Quality:** A solid B+ to A- range. The paper is informative, readable, and credible for a general audience or policy-oriented analysis.
* **Academic Rigor:** Slightly lower due to reliance on informal sources for Algeria and limited critical analysis.
* **Impact/Clarity:** Strong. The paper clearly communicates the significance of the middle class for education and development.

**Suggested Grade:** **A-**

With minor improvements—strengthening Algeria data sources, adding comparative analysis, and including visuals—you could elevate it to a **straight A or A+**.

---

Thank you,
Amine Moulay Ramdane.




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